Koliko znate o tantalu?
Tantal je treći vatrostalni metal nakon volframa i renija. Tantal ima niz izvrsnih svojstava kao što su visoka točka taljenja, nizak tlak pare, dobre performanse hladnog rada, visoka kemijska stabilnost, jaka otpornost na koroziju tekućeg metala i velika dielektrična konstanta površinskog oksidnog filma. Ima važne primjene u visokotehnološkim{0} poljima kao što su atomska energija, supravodljiva tehnologija, automobilska elektronika, zrakoplovstvo, medicinska skrb i znanstvena istraživanja. Trenutno, glavna primjena tantala su tantalni kondenzatori.
Kako je otkriven tantal
Sredinom 17. stoljeća, teški crni mineral pronađen u Sjevernoj Americi poslan je u Britanski muzej na čuvanje. Nakon otprilike 150 godina, sve do 1801. godine, britanski kemičar Charles Hatchet prihvatio se zadatka analize ove rude u Britanskom muzeju, te iz nje otkrio novi element i nazvao ga columbium (kasnije ga je preimenovao). niobij).
Godine 1802., kada je švedski kemičar Anders Gustav Ekberg analizirao mineral (niobij-rudu tantala) u Skandinaviji, nakon što je njihovu kiselinu pretvorio u fluoriranu dvostruku sol, nakon prekristalizacije otkriven je novi element koji je nazvao Tantal{ {2}}tantal u odnosu na ime Tantalusa, sina boga Zeusa u grčkoj mitologiji.
Iako je tantal otkriven početkom 19. stoljeća, metalni tantal se proizvodi tek 1903., a industrijska proizvodnja tantala započela je 1922. Stoga je 20-ih godina 20. stoljeća započeo razvoj industrije tantala, a kineska industrija tantala započela je 1920. godine. 1956. godine.
Sjedinjene Američke Države prve su proizvele tantal. Godine 1922. počela je proizvoditi metalni tantal u industrijskim razmjerima. Japan i drugi kapitalisti.. obojica su razvili industriju tantala od kasnih 1950-ih ili ranih 1960-ih. Nakon desetljeća razvoja, industrijska proizvodnja tantala dostigla je vrlo visoku razinu. Od 1990-ih, relativno veliki-proizvođači proizvoda od tantala uključivali su tri velike grupe: Cabot Group u Sjedinjenim Državama, HCST Group u Njemačkoj i Ningxia Dongfang Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd. u Kini. Proizvodi od tantala koje proizvode ove tri skupine čine 80 posto ukupne količine. posto iznad. Proizvodi, procesna tehnologija i oprema inozemne industrije tantala općenito su na visokoj razini, što zadovoljava potrebe brzog razvoja znanosti i tehnologije.
The development of China's tantalum industry faces certain problems. If raw materials are in short supply, resource reserves are scarce. The proven tantalum resources in China are characterized by scattered ore veins, complex mineral composition, low Ta2O5 grade in raw ore, fine mineral embedded granularity, and few economic resources, so it is difficult to build large-scale mines. Although large-scale tantalum-niobium mines have also been discovered in recent years, the detailed geological conditions, mineral conditions and economic evaluations are not clear. Therefore, the supply of primary tantalum raw materials in China is very problematic.
China's tantalum industry is also faced with another problem, that is, the lack of high-tech product development capabilities. It is undeniable that although China's tantalum industry technology and equipment have been greatly developed, and it has the production capacity to produce a full range of tantalum products in batches, there is excess capacity in the middle and low grades. Products such as high specific volume high pressure tantalum powder and tantalum for semiconductors The embarrassing situation of insufficient production capacity such as targets is difficult to reverse. Due to the small amount of domestic high-tech industries and insufficient driving force, the development of high-tech products in China's tantalum industry has been affected. From an enterprise perspective, the development of the tantalum industry lacks guidance and regulation. In recent years, tantalum smelting and processing enterprises have rapidly grown from 5 at the beginning to 20, and the duplication of construction is very serious, and the excess production capacity is very prominent.
In the years of tantalum operation, Chinese tantalum enterprises have improved their craftsmanship and equipment, and improved the scale, variety and quality of their products, and have entered the ranks of the largest countries in the production and application of tantalum industry. As long as the problem of raw materials, the industrialization of high-tech products and the problem of industrial restructuring are further solved, China's tantalum industry will definitely enter the ranks of powerful countries.